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“Social functioning and use of rehabilitation resources in a group of people who experienced a first episode of psychosis and participated in a psychotherapeutic group program versus a control group”
- A. Oliva Lozano, J. Garde Gonzalez, P. Herrero Ortega, A. Muñoz-Sanjosé, Á. Palao-Tarrero, M. P. Vidal-Villegas, R. Mediavilla, P. Tarín Garrón, J. M. Pastor-Haro, Á. De Diego Gómez-Cornejo, M. F. Bravo-Ortiz, O. B. O. A.-M. Group
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S185
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Introduction
Psychotic disorders have a huge impact on social functioning, which is the ability to stablish and maintain social activities such as interpersonal relationships and self-care activities of daily living. Research data support that the early intervention in people who have experienced a first episode of psychosis (FEP) -based on a multidisciplinary treatment including both psychopharmacological and psychosocial treatments-, has a relevant role in a favorable evolution. AGES-Mind study is based on manualized psychotherapeutic interventions for people with first-psychosis episodes.
ObjectivesTo describe the use of rehabilitation resources and social functioning in a group of people with FEP who were included in a psychotherapeutic group program versus a control group, at 12 and 24 months since the beginning of the intervention.
MethodsLongitudinal, analytical, observational, retrospective study on a cohort of 46 patients with first-episode psychosis within the last 5 years. 23 patients received group psychotherapy in the context of the AGES-Mind study and they were compared with 23 control patients who did not receive a group intervention (treatment as usual). Controls were matched by age, gender and time elapsed since the first episode of psychosis with those exposed to the intervention. Sociodemographic data, social functioning (self-care, social activities, social relationships, and behavior) and use of rehabilitation resources outcome variables were assessed.
ResultsSignificant differences were found regarding participation in social activities in the intervention group versus control group at 24 months. No significant differences were found in other dimensions of social functioning or in the use of rehabilitation resources.
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ConclusionsFurther studies with larger sample sizes are needed in order to determine if the participation in group therapy leads to an improvement in social functioning and use of rehabilitation resources for people who have experienced a first episode of psychosis.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on psychiatric emergency care in a general hospital
- J. M. Rodríguez Capilla, A. Rubio Carramiñana, S. Vega Castellote, S. López Fernández, I. Arilla Herrera, J. M. Almenara Galdeano, A. Mora Prat, M. Campillo Benito, J. Albero Garcia, A. Valderrey Ratia, A. Grau Peñas, C. Pastor Fernández, M. Moreno Monzó, J. Guitart Gil, J. Martínez Raga, C. Knecht
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S405-S406
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Introduction
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has produced an unprecedented clinical situation, causing a direct and indirect impact on the physical and mental health of the population. In Spain, between March 15 and June 21 of 2020, it was decreed a home confinement that caused the interruption of the daily life of millions of people. However, there are few studies that analyze the changes produced in psychiatric care in the Emergency Department (ED).
ObjectivesTo analyze the changes produced in psychiatric emergencies, subanalysing paediatric population, during the first year of the pandemic (COV1/Y-COV1) compared to the previous year (NOCOV/Y-NOCOV1). To analyze the clinical features of patients attended during the lockdown period of the pandemic (LOCK) and compare it to the period of the pandemic after the lockdown (NOLOCK).
MethodsThrough the registry of computerized medical records, patients who attended the psychiatric hospital emergency department between 03/01/2019 and 02/28/2021 were identified. We also identified all attendances from 15/03 to 21/06 in 2019 and in 2020 to obtain variables from the lockdown period.
ResultsDuring period of this study, 2694 psychiatric visits made in the ED (1744 patients - 54.3% women, and 69.5% were between 25 and 64 years-), 1537 in NOCOV and 1157 in COV1. Significant differences were found between COV1 and NOCOV in sociodemographic variables, such as employment status and number of offspring. At a clinical level, in COV1, we observed an increase in attendance due to heteroaggressive behaviors, mania, insomnia and problems due to substance use. An increase in the prescription and/or modification of treatment was observed (59.3% vs 54.3%). During COV1, in terms of discharge follow-up in the month following the ED visit, telematic assistance increased (11.4% vs. 5.3%). During the period of study, 282 ED attendances were performed, 153 in Y-NOCOV and 129 in Y-COV1. At a clinical level, during Y-COV1, a decrease in attendances related to substance use was found significant. The sub-analysis carried out for LOCK and NOLOCK yields similar data to those obtained in the COV1 vs. NOCOV1 comparison. During lockdown, the face-to-face follow-up in the month following the ED was significantly lower (39,5% vs 57,1%) regarding telematic follow-up (24,4% vs 5,8%) In this period, an increase of adolescents without previous mental health follow-up was observed (44% LOCK vs. 22% NOLOCK).
ConclusionsOur work supports the hypothesis that the COVID-19 pandemic caused a change in psychiatric care in the ED. It also shows how lockdown changed the attendance in psychiatric emergencies, and also in the later community care attendance. Changes are detected in emergency care for adolescents during the pandemic compared to the previous year. Strikingly, our study does not reflect a quantitative increase in the demand. It would be of interest to continue collecting data after the time of the present project.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Relationship between CAINS negative symptoms and cognition, psychosocial functioning and quality of life in patients with a first psychotic episode of schizophrenia
- R. Rodriguez-Jimenez, L. García-Fernández, V. Romero-Ferreiro, M. Valtueña García, A. I. Aparicio, J. M. Espejo-Saavedra, L. Sánchez-Pastor, A. Nuñez-Doyle, M. Dompablo, O. Jiménez-Rodríguez, D. Rentero, P. Fernández-Sotos, I. Martínez-Gras, J. L. Santos
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S641-S642
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Introduction
Negative symptoms has been classically associated with cognition, psychosocial functioning and quality of life in patients with schizophrenia. But negative symptoms are not a unitary construct, encompassing two different factors: diminished expression, and motivation and pleasure. Few works have studied the relationship between these two different negative symptoms factors and cognition (neuro and social cognition), psychosocial functioning and quality of life, jointly, in patients with a first psychotic episode of schizophrenia.
ObjectivesThe objective of the present work was to study, in a sample of patients with a first psychotic episode of schizophrenia, the relationship between the negative symptoms (diminished expression and motivation and pleasure) and neurocognition, social cognition, functioning and quality of life.
MethodsThe study was carried out with 82 outpatients with a first psychotic episode of schizophrenia from two Spanish hospitals (“12 de Octubre” University Hospital, Madrid and “Virgen de la Luz” Hospital, Cuenca). The patients were assessed with the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS) for evaluating diminished expression (EXP) and motivation and pleasure (MAP) symptoms, the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) for evaluating neurocognition and social cognition, the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS), and the Quality of Life Scale (QLS).
ResultsA negative correlation was found between neurocognition and the two negative symptoms subscales: CAINS-EXP (r=-0.458, p<0.001) and CAINS-MAP (r=-0.374, p<0.001); but with social cognition only CAINS-EXP was correlated (r=-0.236, p=0.033). Also, it was found a high negative correlation between SOFAS scores and CAINS-MAP (r=-0.717, p<0.001); and a medium negative correlation with CAINS-EXP (r=-0.394, p<0.001). Finally, QLS score was high correlated with both CAINS subscales: CAINS-EXP (r=-0.681, p<0.001) and CAINS-MAP (r=-0.770, p<0.001).
ConclusionsThis study found a relationship between negative symptoms and neurocognition, social cognition, functioning and quality of life in a sample of patients with a first psychotic episode of schizophrenia. But the two different negative symptom factors, diminished expression, and motivation and pleasure, are associated differently with psychosocial functioning, but especially with social cognition where the relationship was only found with diminished expression symptoms.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
P0253 - Risk factors for partial adherence to parenteral antipsychotics in outpatients with severe mental disorders
- V. Balanza, S. Cepeda, L. Laguna, J. Lerma, T. Merino, A. Tatay, A. Pastor, R. Rosales, C. Knecht, M. Lacruz
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 23 / Issue S2 / April 2008
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 April 2020, p. S155
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Background and Aims:
Effectiveness of parenteral antipsychotics (PAP) to prevent relapses in persons with severe mental disorders (SMD) is limited by adherence. However, data about potential risk factors for non- or partial compliance with PAP are relatively scarce and inconsistent.
Aim:to determine variables associated with partial compliance in a naturalistic one-site study.
Methods:The sample comprised all outpatients with SMD treated with PAP over a 12–month period at one mental health unit in Spain. Different sets of broadly– and narrowly–defined criteria for adherence were calculated from mental health nurse´s registry data. Retrospective chart review yielded sociodemographic (age, gender, educational level, civil and vocational status) and clinical (ICD–10 diagnosis, age of onset, illness duration, number of admissions, past/current substance abuse disorders, and community treatment order) variables.
Results:Forty-nine patients were identified; most were single (83%), received a government pension (73%) and lived with their family (67%). When the strictest criteria for adherence were used, illness duration was positively associated with a > 4 day-delay in PAP injection (r=0.36; p=0.01). Furthermore, patients under community treatment orders (χ2=7.5; p=0.006) and those with past substance abuse (χ2=8.9; p=0.003) showed higher rates of non–compliance. This latter variable was the only predictor of non–compliance (exp.β=0.15; IC 95%=0.04– 0.6; p=0.007) and correctly classified 80% of the sample (χ2=8.3; R2=0.23; p=0.004).
Conclusions:Confirming previous results, substance abuse may lead to a poorer compliance with parenteral antipsychotics. Conversely, demographic variables would play a less relevant role in adherence to PAP.
P0252 - Similar subjective response and adherence rates for long-acting risperidone and conventional depots
- V. Balanza, T. Merino, A. Tatay, J. Lerma, S. Cepeda, L. Laguna, R. Rosales, A. Pastor, C. Knecht, M. Lacruz
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 23 / Issue S2 / April 2008
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 April 2020, p. S155
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Background and Aims:
Amongst oral antipsychotics, tolerance and adherence are thought to be higher with atypicals versus conventional agents. Fewer data exist for parenteral antipsychotics regarding the atypical–conventional comparison.
Aim:to compare adherence rates and subjective response between long-acting risperidone (LAR) and conventional depots.
Methods:Cross-sectional, naturalistic, one-site study of all outpatients with severe mental disorders treated with injectable antipsychotics over a 12–month period at one Spanish mental health unit. Different sets of broadly– and narrowly–defined criteria for adherence were calculated from mental health nurse´s registry data. Patients´ subjective response was self-assessed with the Subjective Well-being under Neuroleptic treatment (SWN) and the Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI-10).
Results:Subjects treated with LAR (n=27) and conventional depots (n=22) were similar in clinical and demographic terms. Both groups reported mostly positive subjective responses with the SWN (LAR=71.8+18.4 vs depots=81.7+15.3) and the DAI-10 (LAR=3.0+4.8 vs depots=4.0+4.5), with non-significant differences. Regardless the criteria of adherence used, rates of non-adherent subjects were also comparable, ranging from 36% (narrowly–defined) to 82% (broadly–defined). Although mean telephone prompts were higher for the LAR group (p=0.002), this difference disappeared when interval of administration (14 vs 28 days) was taken into account (ANCOVA: F=0.76; p=0.4).
Conclusions:In this small study, atipicity would not influence attitudes or subjective response to parenteral antipsychotics. Furthermore, the two–fold administration frequency of long-acting risperidone compared to depots does not seem to lead to higher rates of non–compliance amongst outpatients with severe mental disorders.
A genetic variant in the microRNA-146a gene is associated with susceptibility to alcohol use disorders
- I. Novo-Veleiro, R. González-Sarmiento, C. Cieza-Borrella, I. Pastor, F.-J. Laso, M. Marcos
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 29 / Issue 5 / June 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, pp. 288-292
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Background:
Polymorphisms in the microRNA (miRNA) regulatory pathways are novel functional genetic variants whose association with alcoholism susceptibility has not been previously studied. Given the potential relationship between certain miRNAs and alcohol use disorders (AUDs), this study was designed to explore the association between two polymorphisms within hsa-miR-146a and hsa-miR-196a2 genes and susceptibility to these diseases.
Methods:Three hundred and one male patients with AUDs and 156 sex-matched healthy volunteers were enrolled. Polymorphisms were genotyped using TaqMan® PCR assays. Allele and genotype frequencies were compared between groups and logistic regression analysis was also performed to analyze the model of inheritance.
Results:There was a significantly higher prevalence of allele C carriers (47.8%) of the miR-146a G>C polymorphism (rs2910164) among patients with AUDs when compared with controls (35.9%), and multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the C allele was associated with these AUDs (OR = 1.615, 95% CI 1.067–2.442; P = 0.023). Neither the genotype nor the allele distribution of miR-196a2 polymorphism (rs11614913) was significantly different between groups.
Conclusions:This is the first genetic association study to explore the relationship of miRNA polymorphisms with AUDs and to show an association of the miR-146a C>G rs2910164 allelic variant with this disease.
Differences in plasma concentration of acylethanolanydes and acylglycerols in paired samples of bipolar patients and first- and second-degree relatives
- P. Romero-Sanchiz, J. Guzman-Parra, F. Mayoral-Cleríes, F. Rivas-Guerrero, P. Araos-Gómez, M. Pedraz-Fernández, A. Serrano-Criado, F.J. Pavón-Morón, R. De la Torre-Fornell, A. Pastor-Bosch, F. Rodríguez de Fonseca
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 33 / Issue S1 / March 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, p. S340
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Introduction
Endocannabinoid System (ECS) has been highlighted as one of the most relevant research topics by neurobiologists, pharmacists, basic scientists and clinicians (Skaper and Di Marzo, 2012). Recent work has associated major depressive disorder with the ECS (Ashton and Moore, 2011). Despite the close relationship between depression and bipolar disorders, as far as we know, there is no characterization of ECS and congeners in a sample of patients with bipolar disorders.
Aims and objectivesThe objective of this work is to characterize the plasma levels of endocannabinoids and congeners in a sample of patients with bipolar disorders.
MethodThe clinical group was composed by 19 patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorders using SCID-IV (First et al., 1999). The control group was formed by 18 relatives of first- or second-degree of the patients.
The following endocannabinoids and congeners were quantified: N-palmitoleoylethanolamide (POEA), N-palmitolylethanolamide (PEA), N-oleoylethanolamide (OEA), N-stearoylethanolamide (SEA), N-arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA), N-dihomo-γ-linolenoylethanolamide (DGLEA), N-docosatetraenoylethanolamide (DEA), N-linoleoylethanolamide (LEA), N-docosahexaenoylethanolamide (DHEA), 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), 2-linoleoylglycerol (2-LG), and 2-oleoylglycerol (2-OG).
ResultsThe result showed statistically significant lower levels of AEA, DEA and DHEA in clinical sample. Previous research also identified lower levels of AEA in depressed women (Hill et al., 2008, 2009). Until date, it is unknown if DEA and DHEA have some effect on EC receptors, and whether they have some direct effects on endocannabinoids.
ConclusionsIt would be necessary to carry our other research with a larger sample, which could allow the control of potential confounding variables.
Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Age of onset of bipolar disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis
- G. de Girolamo, M. Bani, J. Dagani, C. Ferrari, A. Pastore, G. Signorini
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 33 / Issue S1 / March 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, p. S56
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Introduction
Although the onset of bipolar disorder (BD) is usually estimated in early adulthood (Burke et al., 1990; Kessler et al., 1997), it is still not clear which age-specific triggering factors may contribute to the underlying vulnerability.
Objectives/aimsThe present meta-analysis attempts to clarify the number of untreated years of BD, from first symptoms appearance, to first actions carried out by health services (first diagnosis, treatment and hospitalization).
MethodsA literature search of three databases PubMed, Web of Science and Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection was performed, looking for peer-reviewed publications in English, French, German and Italian language that reported the AOO of BD; the search string adopted was “bipolar and onset”. Standardized mean differences were calculated between (i) mean AOO, operationally defined as onset of first symptoms/episodes, and (ii) mean AOO, operationally defined according to four criteria: first contact with services, date of the diagnosis, first pharmacological treatment, or first hospitalization.
ResultsThe searches yielded 8710 articles; 2424 of these articles met the inclusion criteria. A final set of 19 studies presenting multiple definitions of AOO has been analyzed, revealing an overall effect size of 6.96 of untreated years (Cohen's d = 0.65)
ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis that addresses the definition and the modulation of the AOO in bipolar disorder. Identifying the time-frame of untreated illness is very important for the best planning of timely interventions.
Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Time-dependent cognitive and somatic symptoms of depression as predictors of new cardiac-related events in at-risk patients: the UPBEAT-UK cohort
- J. Norton, M. Pastore, M. Ancelin, M. Hotopf, A. Tylee, A. Mann, J. Palacios
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- Psychological Medicine / Volume 51 / Issue 8 / June 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 30 January 2020, pp. 1271-1278
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Background
Evidence suggests that somatic rather than cognitive depressive symptoms are risk factors for recurrent cardiac events in at-risk patients. However, this has never been explored using a time-dependent approach in a narrow time-frame, allowing a cardiac event-free time-window.
MethodsThe analysis was performed on 595 participants [70.6% male, median age 72 (27–98)] drawn from the UPBEAT-UK heart disease patient cohort with 6-monthly follow-ups over 3 years. Depressive symptomatology was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) (four somatic, five cognitive items). New cardiac events (NCEs) including cardiac-related mortality were identified by expert examination of patient records. Analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazard models with delayed entry, with time-dependent depressive dimensions and covariates measured 12–18 months (median: 14.1, IQR: 3.5) prior to the event, with a 12-month cardiac event-free gap.
ResultsThere were 95 NCEs during the follow-up [median time-to-event from baseline: 22.3 months (IQR: 13.4)]. Both the somatic (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.05–1.20, p = 0.001) and cognitive dimensions (HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.03–1.18, p = 0.004) were time-dependent risk factors for an NCE in the multi-adjusted models. Specific symptoms (poor appetite/overeating for the somatic dimension, hopelessness and feeling like a failure for the cognitive dimension) were also significantly associated.
ConclusionThis is the first study of the association between depressive symptom dimensions and NCEs in at-risk patients using a time-to-event standardised approach. Both dimensions considered apart were independent predictors of an NCE, along with specific items, suggesting regular assessments and tailored interventions targeting specific depressive symptoms may help to prevent NCEs in at-risk populations.
A NEW SPECIES OF OOCEPHALUS (LAMIACEAE) FROM GOIÁS, BRAZIL
- A. S. Soares, R. M. Harley, J. F. B. Pastore, J. G. Jardim
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- Edinburgh Journal of Botany / Volume 76 / Issue 3 / November 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 June 2019, pp. 403-409
- Print publication:
- November 2019
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A new species, Oocephalus pubescens A.Soares & Harley, from Chapada dos Veadeiros, Goiás, Brazil, is described and illustrated. The characteristics that distinguish it from a similar taxon, Oocephalus foliosus, are listed, and comments on its distribution and an occurrence map are provided.
Development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against Besnoitia besnoiti tachyzoites
- P. García-Lunar, G. Schares, A. Sanz-Fernández, A. Jiménez-Meléndez, I. García-Soto, J. Regidor-Cerrillo, I. Pastor-Fernández, A. Hemphill, M. Fernández-Álvarez, L. M. Ortega-Mora, G. Álvarez-García
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- Parasitology / Volume 146 / Issue 2 / February 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 August 2018, pp. 187-196
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This is the first report on the development and characterization of eight monoclonal antibodies (MABs) generated against whole- and membrane-enriched tachyzoite extracts of the apicomplexan parasite Besnoitia besnoiti. Confocal laser scanning immunofluorescence microscopy was used to localize respective epitopes in B. besnoiti tachyzoites along the lytic cycle. A pattern compatible with dense granule staining was observed with MABs 2.A.12, 2.F.3 and 2.G.4, which could be confirmed by immunogold electron microscopy for MABs 2.A.12 and 2.F.3. In particular, MABs 2.F.3 and 2.G.4 were secreted during early invasion, proliferation and egress phases. MABs 3.10.8 and 5.5.11 labelled the tachyzoite surface, whilst MABs 1.17.8, 8.9.2 and 2.G.A recognized the apical tip, which is reminiscent for microneme localization. Besides, the epitopes recognized by the latter two (MABs 8.9.2 and 2.G.A) exhibited a redistribution from the anterior part across the parasite surface towards the posterior end during invasion. Most MABs developed were genus-specific. Indeed, the MABs cross-reacted neither with T. gondii nor with N. caninum tachyzoites. In summary, we have generated MABs that will be useful to study the key processes in the lytic cycle of the parasite and with additional promising diagnostic value. However, the molecular identity of the antigens recognized remains to be elucidated.
Structural and Compositional Analysis of Core/Shell QDs by Transmission Electron Microscopy Techniques
- N. Fernandez-Delgado, M. Herrera, J. Pizarro, P. L. Galindo, P.J. Rodriguez-Canto, R. Abargues, J.P. Martinez-Pastor, S. I. Molina
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- Journal:
- Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 23 / Issue S1 / July 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 04 August 2017, pp. 1768-1769
- Print publication:
- July 2017
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Flows along arch filaments observed in the GRIS ‘very fast spectroscopic mode’
- S. J. González Manrique, C. Denker, C. Kuckein, A. Pastor Yabar, M. Collados, M. Verma, H. Balthasar, A. Diercke, C. E. Fischer, P. Gömöry, N. Bello González, R. Schlichenmaier, M. Cubas Armas, T. Berkefeld, A. Feller, S. Hoch, A. Hofmann, A. Lagg, H. Nicklas, D. Orozco Suárez, D. Schmidt, W. Schmidt, M. Sigwarth, M. Sobotka, S. K. Solanki, D. Soltau, J. Staude, K. G. Strassmeier, R. Volkmer, O. von der Lühe, T. Waldmann
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union / Volume 12 / Issue S327 / October 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 September 2017, pp. 28-33
- Print publication:
- October 2016
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A new generation of solar instruments provides improved spectral, spatial, and temporal resolution, thus facilitating a better understanding of dynamic processes on the Sun. High-resolution observations often reveal multiple-component spectral line profiles, e.g., in the near-infrared He i 10830 Å triplet, which provides information about the chromospheric velocity and magnetic fine structure. We observed an emerging flux region, including two small pores and an arch filament system, on 2015 April 17 with the ‘very fast spectroscopic mode’ of the GREGOR Infrared Spectrograph (GRIS) situated at the 1.5-meter GREGOR solar telescope at Observatorio del Teide, Tenerife, Spain. We discuss this method of obtaining fast (one per minute) spectral scans of the solar surface and its potential to follow dynamic processes on the Sun. We demonstrate the performance of the ‘very fast spectroscopic mode’ by tracking chromospheric high-velocity features in the arch filament system.
Predictors of treatment dropout in self-guided web-based interventions for depression: an ‘individual patient data’ meta-analysis
- E. Karyotaki, A. Kleiboer, F. Smit, D. T. Turner, A. M. Pastor, G. Andersson, T. Berger, C. Botella, J. M. Breton, P. Carlbring, H. Christensen, E. de Graaf, K. Griffiths, T. Donker, L. Farrer, M. J. H. Huibers, J. Lenndin, A. Mackinnon, B. Meyer, S. Moritz, H. Riper, V. Spek, K. Vernmark, P. Cuijpers
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 45 / Issue 13 / October 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 April 2015, pp. 2717-2726
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Background
It is well known that web-based interventions can be effective treatments for depression. However, dropout rates in web-based interventions are typically high, especially in self-guided web-based interventions. Rigorous empirical evidence regarding factors influencing dropout in self-guided web-based interventions is lacking due to small study sample sizes. In this paper we examined predictors of dropout in an individual patient data meta-analysis to gain a better understanding of who may benefit from these interventions.
MethodA comprehensive literature search for all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of psychotherapy for adults with depression from 2006 to January 2013 was conducted. Next, we approached authors to collect the primary data of the selected studies. Predictors of dropout, such as socio-demographic, clinical, and intervention characteristics were examined.
ResultsData from 2705 participants across ten RCTs of self-guided web-based interventions for depression were analysed. The multivariate analysis indicated that male gender [relative risk (RR) 1.08], lower educational level (primary education, RR 1.26) and co-morbid anxiety symptoms (RR 1.18) significantly increased the risk of dropping out, while for every additional 4 years of age, the risk of dropping out significantly decreased (RR 0.94).
ConclusionsDropout can be predicted by several variables and is not randomly distributed. This knowledge may inform tailoring of online self-help interventions to prevent dropout in identified groups at risk.
Artificial long days increase milk production in subtropical lactating goats managed under extensive grazing conditions
- M. J. FLORES, J. A. DELGADILLO, J. A. FLORES, F. J. PASTOR, G. DUARTE, J. VIELMA, H. HERNÁNDEZ
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- Journal:
- The Journal of Agricultural Science / Volume 153 / Issue 2 / March 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 April 2014, pp. 335-342
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The objective of the current study was to determine whether exposure to an artificial long-day photoperiod increases milk production in subtropical goats maintained under extensive grazing conditions, with or without the presence of a nutritional supplement. Forty-four lactating goats were exposed to a natural photoperiod (11 h light) with nutritional supplementation (NDS; natural day supplemented group; n=11) or without nutritional supplementation (NDN; natural day non-supplemented group; n=11) or to an artificial long-day photoperiod (16 h light) with nutritional supplementation (LDS; long-day supplemented group; n=11) or without nutritional supplementation (LDN; long-day non-supplemented group; n=11). Daily nutritional supplementation consisted of a mixture of 300 g rolled maize and 200 g soya bean per animal. During the suckling phase, milk yield was assessed at 10 and 20 days lactation and thereafter every 10 days up to 110 days lactation from day 40 of lactation. Plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration was determined at 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 days of lactation. Mean milk yield was greater in goats from the LDN group than the NDN group. The difference in mean milk yield was greater when goats received a nutritional supplement. With nutritional supplementation, the plasma IGF-I concentrations were greater in goats exposed to long days than in those maintained under natural photoperiod. However, IGF-I concentrations were lower with long days when goats were not supplemented. In conclusion, exposure to an artificial long-day photoperiod increases milk yield in subtropical lactating goats maintained under extensive grazing conditions, and this increased milk production is more pronounced with a nutritional supplement. Furthermore, depending on nutritional status, exposure to artificial long days increases plasma IGF-I concentration in lactating goats.
Phenotypic variation of the housefly, Musca domestica: amounts and patterns of wing shape asymmetry in wild populations and laboratory colonies
- J. Ludoški, M. Djurakic, B. Pastor, A. I. Martínez-Sánchez, S. Rojo, V. Milankov
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- Journal:
- Bulletin of Entomological Research / Volume 104 / Issue 1 / February 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 August 2013, pp. 35-47
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Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) is a vector of a range variety of pathogens infecting humans and animals. During a year, housefly experiences serial population bottlenecks resulted in reduction of genetic diversity. Population structure has also been subjected to different selection regimes created by insect control programs and pest management. Both environmental and genetic disturbances can affect developmental stability, which is often reflected in morphological traits as asymmetry. Since developmental stability is of great adaptive importance, the aim of this study was to examine fluctuating asymmetry (FA), as a measure of developmental instability, in both wild populations and laboratory colonies of M. domestica. The amount and pattern of wing shape FA was compared among samples within each of two groups (laboratory and wild) and between groups. Firstly, the amount of FA does not differ significantly among samples within the group and neither does it differ between groups. Regarding the mean shape of FA, contrary to non-significant difference within the wild population group and among some colonies, the significant difference between groups was found. These results suggest that the laboratory colonies and wild samples differ in buffering mechanisms to perturbations during development. Hence, inbreeding and stochastic processes, mechanisms dominating in the laboratory-bred samples contributed to significant changes in FA of wing shape. Secondly, general patterns of left–right displacements of landmarks across both studied sample groups are consistent. Observed consistent direction of FA implies high degrees of wing integration. Thus, our findings shed light on developmental buffering processes important for population persistence in the environmental change and genetic stress influence on M. domestica.
Finite Element Simulation of Steel Quench Distortion- Parametric Analysis of Processing Variables
- F. A. García-Pastor, R.D. López-García, E. Alfaro-López, M. J. Castro-Román
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- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 1485 / 2012
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 February 2013, pp. 29-34
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- 2012
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Steel quenching from the austenite region is a widely used industrial process to increase strength and hardness through the martensitic transformation. It is well known, however, that it is very likely that macroscopic distortion occurs during the quenching process. This distortion is caused by the rapidly varying internal stress fields, which may change sign between tension and compression several times during quenching. If the maximum internal stress is greater than the yield stress at given processing temperature, plastic deformation will occur and, depending on its magnitude, macroscopic distortion may become apparent.
The complex interaction between thermal contraction and the expansion resulting from the martensitic transformation is behind the sign changes in the internal stress fields. Variations in the steel composition and cooling rate will result in a number of different paths, which the internal stresses will follow during processing. Depending on the route followed, the martensitic transformation may hinder the thermal stresses evolution to the point where the stress fields throughout the component may actually be reverted. A different path may support the thermal stresses evolution further increasing their magnitude. The cross-sectional area also affects the internal stresses magnitude, since smaller areas will have further trouble to accommodate stress, thus increasing the distortion. Additionally, the bainitic transformation occurring during relatively slow cooling rates may have an important effect in the final stress field state.
A finite-element (FE) model of steel quenching has been developed in the DEFORM 3D simulation environment. This model has taken into account the kinetics of both austenite-bainite and austenite-martensite transformations in a simplified leaf spring geometry. The results are discussed in terms of the optimal processing parameters obtained by the simulation against the limitations in current industrial practice.
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. 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Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. 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Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Lactation and mother–pup behaviour in the Mediterranean monk seal Monachus monachus: an unusual pattern for a phocid
- A. Aguilar, L.H. Cappozzo, M. Gazo, T. Pastor, J. Forcada, E. Grau
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- Journal:
- Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom / Volume 87 / Issue 1 / February 2007
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 26 February 2007, pp. 93-99
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This paper presents baseline information on maternal behaviour and lactation in the Mediterranean monk seal, with particular focus on the age at which pups are weaned. The study was conducted in the western Saharan population, the only surviving colony of the species. The first moult finished at a mean pup age of 72.3±17 d (N=17) and, in contrast to other taxonomically-related phocids, this process was not associated with weaning. Lactation lasted a mean of 119.4 d (N=9; range: 103–149 d) in the pups that could be monitored until full weaning had taken place. This period almost doubles the maximum lactation length reported in other phocid species. During the first week after birth the mother–pup bond was well developed and mothers always remained with their pups. The time invested in nursing (17%, SD: ±36) and in mother–pup interactions (14%, SD: ±32) was higher during this period than afterwards (8%, SD: ±23 and 4%, SD: ±19, respectively). After the first week, nursing continued but mothers started to leave their pups in order to feed at sea. Weaning occurred gradually. Already since birth, pups were active and mobile, and swam frequently before moulting or weaning occurred. Fostering and milk stealing were common patterns of behaviour for both lactating females and pups. In 26.6% of the suckling episodes observed in mother–pup pairs of known identity, pups suckled from females other than their mothers. Some females nursed more than one pup, at least occasionally, and in some cases a pup was fostered long-term by an alien female. The Mediterranean monk seal exhibits maternal-care characteristics that are more like otarids than phocids. This observation contradicts previous proposals that a short lactation period is a phylogenetic characteristic of phocids. Several of the unusual maternal traits observed may be favoured by year-round access to abundant food supply, availability of breeding sites, and mild climatic conditions. This information should be taken into account when designing conservation strategies for the species and, very particularly, in the implementation of pup rehabilitation programmes.
Size Dependent Enhancement of Spin and Orbital Magnetism in CoRh Nanoparticles
- M. Muñoz-Navia, J. Dorantes-Dávila, C. Amiens, B. Chaudret, D. Zitoun, M.-J. Casanove, P. Lecante, N. Jaouen, A. Rogalev, M. Respaud, G. M. Pastor
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 998 / 2007
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 March 2011, 998-J01-02
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- 2007
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The magnetism of CoRh nanoparticles (NPs) is investigated experimentally and theoretically. NPs of about 2 nm diameter have been synthesized by decomposition of organometallic precursors in mild conditions of pressure and temperature, under hydrogen atmosphere and in the presence of a polymer matrix. The magnetic properties are determined by SQUID and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism. All the studied CoRh clusters are magnetic with an average spin moment per atom that is significantly larger than the one of macroscopic crystals or alloys with similar concentrations. The experimental results and the comparison with theory suggest that the most likely chemical arrangement is a Rh core with a Co-rich outer shell and some degree of intermixing at the CoRh interface. A detailed analysis of the theoretical results from a local perspective shows that the spin and orbital moments of the Co and Rh atoms at the interface are largely responsible for the enhancement of the magnetization.